Form of government: multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Assembly [220{1}]).
Head of state and government: President{2}.
Capital: Luanda.
Official language: Portuguese.
Official religion: none.
Monetary unit: 1 readjusted kwanza (NKz)=100 lwei; valuation
(Oct. 6, 1995) 1 U.S.$=NKz 5,692; 1 
=NKz 8,998.
Population (1995): 11,558,000.
Density (1995): persons per sq mi 24.0, persons per sq km 9.3.
Urban-rural (1990): urban 28.3%; rural 71.7%.
Sex distribution (1991): male 48.80%; female 51.20%.
Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 45.0%; 15-29, 25.5%; 30-44, 15.1%; 45-59, 8.9%; 60 and over, 5.5%.
Population projection: (2000) 13,400,000; (2010) 18,082,000.
Doubling time: 22 years.
Ethnic composition (1983): Ovimbundu 37.2%; Mbundu 21.6%; Kongo 13.2%; Luimbe-Nganguela 5.4%; Nyaneka-Humbe 5.4%; Chokwe 4.2%; Luvale (Luena) 3.4%; Luchazi 2.4%; Ambo (Ovambo) 2.4%; Lunda 1.2%; Mbunda 1.2%; Portuguese 0.5%; mestizo 0.5%; other 0.4%.
Religious affiliation (1980): Christian 90.0%, of which Roman Catholic 68.7%, Protestant 19.8%; traditional beliefs 9.5%; other 0.5%.
Major cities (1988): Luanda 1,134,000; Huambo 203,000 {3}; Benguela 155,000{3}; Lobito 150,000{3}; Lubango 105,000{4}.
Birth rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 51.3 (world avg. 25.0).
Death rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 19.2 (world avg. 9.3).
Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 32.1 (world avg. 15.7).
Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1990-95): 7.2.
Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1972): 4.5.
Divorce rate per 1,000 population: n.a.
Life expectancy at birth (1990-95): male 44.9 years; female 48.1 years.
Major causes of death (percentage of total deaths; 1990): diarrheal diseases 25.8%; malaria 19.4%; cholera 7.3%; acute respiratory infections 6.8%; measles 6.2%.
Budget (1991). Revenue: NKz 186,383,000,000 (1989; tax revenue 82.8%, of which petroleum taxes 53.1%, income and property taxes 11.6%, domestic production taxes 9.5%, import duties 6.3%; nontax revenue 17.2%). Expenditures: NKz 275,468,000,000 (defense and internal security 36.9%; administration 23.9%; education 17.5%; health 7.5%; energy 3.6%; other 10.6%).
Public debt (external, outstanding; 1993): U.S.$7,727,000,000.
Tourism: receipts from visitors (1993) U.S.$20,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad (1992) U.S.$75,000,000.
Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1994): cassava 986,000, bananas 275,000, sugarcane 220,000, corn (maize) 201,000, sweet potatoes 182,000, millet 53,000, palm oil 50,000, dry beans 34,000, peanuts (groundnuts) 17,000, coffee 5,000; livestock (number of live animals) 3,280,000 cattle, 1,570,000 goats, 820,000 pigs, 255,000 sheep, 6,000,000 chickens; roundwood (1993) 6,583,000 cu m; fish catch (1993) 80,723. Mining and quarrying (1994): diamonds 1,350,000 carats. Manufacturing (1990): fresh meat 93,000; bread 45,000; corn flour 35,000; wheat flour 22,000; laundry soap 7,556; sugar 3,190{5}; pasta 3,190 {5}; leather shoes 132,000 pairs{5}; beer 410,000 hectolitres; soft drinks 69,050 hectolitres{5}; matches 6,357,000 boxes{5}. Construction (value in NKz '000,000; 1986); residential 608; nonresidential 1,977. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1992) 1,855,000,000 (1,855,000,000); coal, none (none); crude petroleum (barrels; 1992) 192,634,000 (10,373,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1992) 1,317,000 (346,000); natural gas (cu m; 1992) 166,576,000 (166,576,000).
Gross national product (at current market prices; 1989): U.S.$6,010,000,000 (U.S. $620 per capita).
Population economically active (1991): total 4,166,000; activity rate of total population 40.3% (participation rates over age 10, 60.1%; female 38.4%; unemployed, n.a.).
Price and earnings indexes: n.a.
Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1980) 4.8; annual income per household: n.a.; sources of income: n.a.; expenditure: n.a.
Land use (1993): forested 41.6%; meadows and pastures 23.3%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 2.8%; other 32.3%.
Imports (1991): U.S.$1,347,000,000 (current consumption goods 50.2%, capital goods 20.2%, intermediate consumption goods 18.9%, transport equipment 6.8%). Major import sources: Portugal 29.8%; United States 10.5%; France 9.7%; Japan 7.8%; Brazil 7.3%.
Exports (1991): U.S.$3,427,000,000 (mineral fuels 89.8%, diamonds 5.5%). Major export destinations: United States 56.6%; Germany 5.6%; Brazil 4.9%; The Netherlands 4.2%; United Kingdom 3.4%; Belgium-Luxembourg 3.3%.
Transport. Railroads (1988): route length 1,739 mi, 2,798 km; passenger-mi 203,000,000, passenger-km 326,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 1,178,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 1,720,000,000. Roads (1992): total length 45,128 mi, 72,626 km (paved 25%). Vehicles (1992): passenger cars 122,000; trucks and buses 42,200. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 113; total deadweight tonnage 123,479. Air transport (1991){6}: passenger-mi 771,000,000, passenger-km 1,241,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 28,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 42,000,000; airports (1995) with scheduled flights 17.
Communications. Daily newspapers (1994): total number 4; total circulation 84,500{7}; circulation per 1,000 population 7.5{7}. Radio (1994): total number of receivers 450,000 (1 per 25 persons). Television (1994): total number of receivers 50,500 (1 per 222 persons). Telephones (main lines; 1993): 53,300 (1 per 204 persons).
Educational attainment: n.a. Literacy (1990): percentage of population age 15 and over literate 41.7%; males literate 55.6%; females literate 28.5%.
Health (1990): physicians 662 (1 per 15,136 persons); hospital beds 11,857 (1 per 845 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1990-95) 124.0.
Food (1992): daily per capita caloric intake 1,839 (vegetable products 90%, animal products 10%); (1984) 84% of FAO recommended minimum requirement.
Total active duty personnel (1995): 82,000 (army 91.5%, navy 1.8%, air force 6.7%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1986): 23.9% (world 5.4%); per capita expenditure U.S.$173.